Cookies
Learn how website cookies work, the different types of cookies, and how to manage them effectively to stay compliant with privacy regulations. Discover the difference between first-party and third-party cookies, understand session vs persistent cookies, and find out which cookies require explicit user consent under current data protection laws.
Children's Data Under GDPR: Age Verification and Parental Consent (Article 8)
Article 8 of the GDPR requires parental consent before processing children's personal data through online services. The default threshold is 16, but EU member states can lower it to 13. Getting this right matters - regulators have issued fines exceeding half a billion euros for failures in protecting children's data online.
Data Protection by Design and by Default: A Practical Guide to GDPR Article 25
GDPR Article 25 requires every data controller to bake privacy into systems from the start - not bolt it on later. This guide breaks down what 'by design' and 'by default' mean in practice, how regulators are enforcing these obligations, and what website owners need to do right now to stay compliant.
GDPR Territorial Scope: Does It Apply to Websites Outside the EU?
The General Data Protection Regulation does not stop at Europe's borders. Learn how the GDPR's extraterritorial scope applies to websites based in the US, Canada, and beyond.
Cookie Consent Under GDPR: What Counts as Valid Consent (Article 7)
GDPR Article 7 requires cookie consent to be freely given, specific, informed, and unambiguous. Regulators across Europe are actively enforcing these conditions, with the French CNIL alone issuing over EUR 486 million in privacy fines in 2025. This article breaks down each requirement, common mistakes that trigger enforcement, and practical steps for compliance.
Google Consent Mode v1 vs v2: What Changed and Why It Matters for Your Website
Google Consent Mode v2 added two new consent parameters and became mandatory for EEA and UK advertisers in March 2024. Sites that failed to upgrade lost access to conversion tracking, remarketing, and audience building. Here is what changed between v1 and v2, and how to get your implementation right.
CCPA vs CPRA: What Changed, What Stayed, and What It Means for Your Website
The California Privacy Rights Act amended the CCPA in 2023, raising compliance thresholds, introducing sensitive personal information as a category, and creating a dedicated enforcement agency. Fines now reach $7,988 per intentional violation, and enforcement actions exceeded $4 million in 2025 alone.
What Is the CPRA? California's Privacy Rights Act Explained for Website Owners
The California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) expanded the original CCPA with stronger consumer rights, a dedicated enforcement agency, and stricter rules around cookies and data sharing. If your website collects data from California residents, the CPRA likely applies to you - and enforcement is already producing six- and seven-figure fines.
What Is the ePrivacy Directive? The EU Cookie Law That Still Governs Your Website
The ePrivacy Directive is the EU law that specifically regulates cookies, online tracking, and electronic communications. Despite being over two decades old, it remains the primary legal basis for cookie consent enforcement across Europe - and fines for breaching it reached record levels in 2025.
What Is GDPR and Why Does It Matter for Your Website?
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) sets strict rules for how websites handle personal data from visitors in the EU and EEA. If your site uses cookies, collects email addresses, or runs analytics, the GDPR almost certainly applies to you - even if your business is based outside Europe.