Gdpr
Everything you need to know about the General Data Protection Regulation — requirements, enforcement, consent rules, and how to achieve full compliance. Dive into lawful bases for processing, Data Protection Officer obligations, cross-border data transfers, data subject access requests, and the latest guidance from European supervisory authorities.
Cookie Consent Fines in 2025-2026: The Biggest Enforcement Actions and What They Mean
Data protection authorities issued record-breaking cookie consent fines throughout 2025, with the CNIL alone handing out nearly half a billion euros in penalties. This article breaks down the biggest enforcement actions, explains the violations behind each fine, and outlines what website owners should take away from these cases.
Cookie Consent as Evidence: What to Prepare for a DPA Investigation
When a data protection authority opens an investigation, your cookie consent records become your primary defence. Knowing what regulators request and how to structure your evidence can mean the difference between a clean resolution and a six-figure fine.
Age-Gating and Cookie Consent: How to Handle Visitors Under 16
GDPR Article 8 sets the digital age of consent at 16, but EU member states can lower it to 13. If your website attracts younger visitors, your cookie banner must account for age-gating, parental authorisation, and country-specific thresholds.
Abandoned Cart Emails and Cookie Consent: When Tracking Requires Permission
Cart abandonment tracking involves cookies, tracking pixels, and email remarketing - each with distinct consent requirements. This guide breaks down when you need permission under GDPR and the ePrivacy Directive, and how the soft opt-in exception applies.
Data Breach Notification Under GDPR: Articles 33 and 34 Explained for Website Owners
GDPR requires website operators to notify their supervisory authority within 72 hours of discovering a personal data breach - and to inform affected individuals directly if the risk is high. Getting either step wrong can cost more than the breach itself.
GDPR Cookie Consent Requirements: What Your Website Must Do to Stay Compliant
GDPR cookie consent requires prior, informed, and unambiguous opt-in before any non-essential cookies are placed on a visitor's device. Enforcement is accelerating across Europe, with the CNIL, ICO, and Dutch DPA issuing fines and warnings at record pace. This guide breaks down the legal framework, practical requirements, and common mistakes that still catch website owners off guard.
What Is a Cookie Banner? How It Works, Why You Need One, and What the Law Requires
A cookie banner is the pop-up notice shown when someone first visits a website, explaining what cookies the site uses and collecting consent before any non-essential tracking begins. Getting it wrong can mean fines running into millions - but getting it right is straightforward once you understand the legal rules behind it.
What Are Analytics Cookies? How They Work, Why They Need Consent, and How to Handle Them
Analytics cookies collect data about how visitors interact with your website - which pages they view, how long they stay, and where they came from. Under GDPR and the ePrivacy Directive, these cookies require explicit opt-in consent before they can be set. This guide covers what analytics cookies do, which ones tools like Google Analytics 4 place, and how to handle them without breaking the law.
What Are Marketing Cookies? How They Work, Why They Need Consent, and What the Law Says
Marketing cookies are tracking technologies placed on a visitor's device to build advertising profiles, enable retargeting, and measure campaign performance. Under GDPR and the ePrivacy Directive, they require explicit opt-in consent before being set. This guide explains how they work, what the law demands, and how to handle them properly.